Marcelo Alonso, Edward J. Finn:Physics
- edizione con copertina flessibile 1992, ISBN: 0201565188
[ED: Taschenbuch], [PU: Addison-Wesley], Zustand siehe Bild/Bilder. Zusätzlich: Ecken und Kanten leicht bestoßen. Seiten und Buchschnitt kaum abgedunkelt. Rückseite starke Knickkante.
… Altro …
[ED: Taschenbuch], [PU: Addison-Wesley], Zustand siehe Bild/Bilder. Zusätzlich: Ecken und Kanten leicht bestoßen. Seiten und Buchschnitt kaum abgedunkelt. Rückseite starke Knickkante.
This book is designed for the introductory calculus physics course for engineering and science students. It addresses the subject from a contemporary, coherent point of view, integrating, to the extent possible, the Newtonian, relativistic and quantum descriptions of nature. In that sense the approach can be called ‘modern’.
The primary goal of this text is to provide students with a sound understanding of how physical phenomena are analyzed, illustrated with applications to specific situations. The overall theme is to show how the macroscopic properties of matter can be related to its microscopic structure. At every possible opportunity the molecular and atomic properties of matter are brought into focus, without necessarily waiting for a formal treatment of their experimental foundation and of quantum theory, which come in later parts of the book. We hope that this methodology will offer students an integrated and coherent overview of physics that should be a solid foundation for the more advanced courses to follow.
It is expected that when students complete the course they will be able to recognize that there are!
(1) Two levels of the description of nature. One is macro and thus is global and phenomenological; it corresponds to the world we perceive directly. The other is micro, that is, structural; it is the domain of atoms and quantum theory.
(2) Two complementary descriptions of natural phenomena. One description employs particles; that is, balls, molecules, atoms etc. The other employs fields (gravitational, electromagnetic etc.), including waves.
(3) Two broad energy levels. One level is low, which corresponds to the world we normally deal with, described by Newtonian- Maxwellian physics. The other is high, which is the world of Einstein’s relativity and nuclear forces.
(4) Two kinds of physical laws. One kind is fundamental, such as the conservation principles, the laws of gravitation and electromagnetism, the law of entropy etc. The other is statistical, corresponding to the laws of friction and viscosity, the gas laws, Ohm’s law etc.
By logical necessity the text begins by developing the basic conceptual foundations and vocabulary of physics, for which Newtonian mechanics provides the natural framework. However, non-Newtonian notions, such asrelativity and the quantization ofenergy and angular momentum, are introduced on several occasions in the proper context (electronic motion in atoms, simple harmonic oscillator and molecular vibrations, rigid body and molecular rotations, high energy processes etc.). Quantum mechanics is developed in a graphical and intuitive way that minimizes the mathematical requirements and highlights the physical content. This method shows that quantum mechanics is not an abstract theory but a theoretical framework that explains the properties of matter in a way that is complementary to the ‘classical’ particle picture. ‘Modern’ topics are presented whenever the occasion is appropriate.
The book is organized in a way that offers great flexibility to meet the needs of the instructor of a calculus general physics course. For example, those instructors who prefer to teach waves early in the course can use Chapter 28 immediately after either Chapter 10 or Chapter 17. Each chapter consists of the main text, (in which the fundamental concepts and experimental results are discussed), examples (which are applications of the theory or simply manipulations of data) and notes (which, in general, are more detailed elaborations or extensions of the text, and may be included or omitted at the discretion of the instructor). It is expected that many students will be interested in going beyond the material in the main text and will read the notes. Those proofs that are not an essential part of the analysis of a topic have been set aside from the main text; this will make it easier for the student to review a topic whenever needed. There are the usual sets of questions and problems at the end of each chapter.
The first 23 chapters are devoted primarily to the ‘particle’ aspects of physics, covering single particle and many particle systems, thermodynamics and statistical mechanics, relativity, Bohr’s theory of atomic structure and the gravitational and electromagnetic interactions. The next 12 chapters deal with the ‘field’ or ‘wave’ aspects of physics, with an emphasis on the electromagnetic field. The remaining six chapters address the particle-field interface, with special consideration of quantum mechanics and its application to the structure of matter, nuclear phenomena and elementary particles. We have adhered to the recommendations of the Commission on Symbols, Units, and Nomenclature of IUPAP and have consistently used the SI units. All physical constants are expressed up to four decimal figures.
The book has been conceived for a course of about 100 lecture hours. For a shorter course of about 80 lecture hours, the instructor may use only Chapters 1 through 19 and Chapters 21 through 36, leaving some sections out. Some chapters (for example, Chapters 1,2 and 12) should take up, at the most, one lecture since each can easily be studied independently by the student.
Other chapters will require three or four lectures, while the majority can be comfortably discussed in two lectures.
It is assumed that the students have taken a physics course in high school or, at least, a general science course, which is the general rule. In any case, it is safe to assume that the students are not totally illiterate in science and are acquainted to some extent with many physical concepts.
The mathematical requirements are well within the capabilities of most students and are standard to most calculus general physics courses. They correspond basically to elementary calculus and algebraic and trigonometric manipulations. Appendix A provides the necessary information for students not acquainted with vector algebra. Some simple differential equations are used to emphasize the basic features of certain phenomena (e.g. SHM and waves). It is not expected that students find a formal solution to these equations, since that is unnecessary and, most probably, beyond their mathematical sophistication. Rather, the solutions (which are normally sine and cosine or exponential functions) are given and the only requirement is to verify that they, indeed, satisfy the equation.
The motivation for producing this text came from the authors’ participation in meetings sponsored by the IUPP/AIP. Asa result, special attention has been paid to the recommendations of the IUPP Working Groups, without necessarily adhering to each recommendation. However, this project has no formal sponsorship of the IUPP and the authors are solely responsible for the content and organization of the text.
We want to express our gratitude to all those who, through their assistance, encouragement, comments and criticisms have made the completion of this book possible, helping us eliminate errors and improving the presentation of several topics. In particular, we wish to thank Tomas Bohr (Niels Bohr Institute, Copenhagen), Jay Burns (Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne) and Karl Lüchner (Ludwig-Maximilians, DE, [SC: 48.00], leichte Gebrauchsspuren, gewerbliches Angebot, 1138, [GW: 1785g], Banküberweisung, PayPal, Selbstabholung und Barzahlung, Internationaler Versand, [CT: Naturwissenschaft/Mathematik / Physik allgemein]<
